Download the pdf to view the article, as well as its associated figures and tables. Spatial analysis of factors responsible for incidence of. Contaminated drinking water used in the preparation of food cancontaminated drinking water used in the preparation of food can be the source of food borne disease through consumption of the same microorganisms. Srutisudha mohanty 2014mses018 department of environmental science 2. The risk of outbreaks of waterborne diseases increases where standards of water, sanitation and personal hygiene are low. Generally, the number of incidences of waterborne illness in some part of nigeria is high compared to other major causes of illness. Urbanisation and infectious diseases in a globalised world. Waterborne disease s include dysentery, cholera, typhoid fever and a wide range of other parasitic infections these diseases kill more than a million people each year, many of them children in developing countries. Poor access to improved water and sanitation in nigeria remains a major contributing factor to high morbidity and mortality rates among children under five. Water induced diseases water related insectvector diseases. Typhoid fever is caused by ingestion of salmonella typhi bacteria in food or water and affects about 17 million people each year, causing some 600,000 deaths. As a result of this, the present study therefore aimed at analysing the spatiotemporal pattern of waterborne diseases, using kwara state as a case study. Espinoza, sanitary engineer, who intercountry team, ankara, turkey. Waterborne diseases including cholera, dysentery, as well as typhoid and malaria.
Waterborne diseases, such as cholera and typhoid, are the diseases that are transmitted through drinking water. Prevention practices from water borne diseases within households. Ncezid creates graphics to increase awareness of our work to protect people from domestic and global infectious disease threats. Assesment of the water quality and prevalence of water borne diseases in amassoma, niger delta, nigeria. People can contract these diseases when they drink water that contains dangerous microorganisms, including viruses, bacteria, singlecelled organisms called. Lack of access to drinking water and exposure to waterborne diseases from unsafe drinking water are a. The interruption of transmission is achieved by proper treatment of drinking water. An investigation into the prevalence of water borne diseases in. These diseases can be spread while bathing, washing, drinking water, or by eating food exposed to contaminated water. This study adopts gis techniques to investigate the spatial variation of water borne diseases in ileife, nigeria.
Water related diseases are classified into four types relating to the path of transmission. Each year about 3 million deaths occur worldwide due to diarrheal diseases. Because climate change increases the severity and frequency of some major. Data which were collected are on cases of water borne diseases in the 36 states of nigeria and 6 geo political zones on the type of toilet mostly used by residents, main source of water supply, quality of water supply, etc. Waterwashed waterscarce diseases, such as polio, are. Prevalence of waterborne diseases and microbial assessment of.
Combating waterborne disease at the household level. Diseases related to water and sanitation endemic in subsaharan. Developing countries developing countries 80 % ill d b80 % illness caused by watery water borne diseases. Association of waterborne diseases morbidity pattern and. The data must be interpreted cautiously, as differences between countries are likely to reflect the efficiency of surveillance systems rather than differences in outbreaks, and data were available for only 14 countries. Indications have emerged that prevalence of water borne diseases may continue to rise as 771 local government areas of nigeria are still grappling with open defecations even as the 20162017. It is unfortunate that we are still talking about and battling water borne diseases in nigeria in 2015, because at a national economic empowerment and development strategy needs briefing 2003. There are other diseases, which could be water related but not transmitted by the faecooral route e. Zimbabwes cashstrapped government is searching for a solution to the recurring problem of waterborne disease.
While the provision of clean, disinfected drinking water plays a key role in lessening the incidents of infection, together with. The common diseases of drinking water in nigeria include cholera, dracunculiasis, hepatitis, typhoid and filariasis. Zoonoses are diseases caused by microorganisms of animal origin that also infect humans. While diarrhea and vomiting are the most commonly reported symptoms of waterborne illness, other symptoms can include skin, ear, respiratory, or eye problems. Introduction ithe classification of waterrelated disease poses particular problems. The average prevalence of water borne diseases were 2. Waterborne diseases are any illness caused by drinking water contaminated by human or animal faeces, which contain pathogenic microorganisms. Risk of waterborne diseases introduction the cholera and typhoid epidemic experienced in south africa in the recent past have highlighted the need to address the causes of infectious decease transmission.
Crypto is recognized as one of the most common water borne diseases in the united states, with an estimated 748,000 cases occurring annually. Abstract malaria may, to some extent, be a waterborne disease, but that the malaria plasmodium or poison gains admittance into the system wholly by way of the stomach, we think we have ample evidence to lead us to doubt. Zoonoses are of increasing concern for human health. The full text of this article is available as a pdf 357k. Waterborne diseases and related deaths can be reduced by 94% with safe, clean water, adequate sanitation and proper hygiene. This entry lists major infectious diseases likely to be encountered in countries where the risk of such diseases is assessed to be very high as compared to the united states. Transmission of these pathogens occurs while using infected water for drinking, food preparation, and. In these cities, there is little documentation about the spatial variability of the incidence of the diseases. Association of water borne diseases morbidity pattern and water quality in parts of. The wide spread of waterborne diseases could be significantly reduced once clean drinking water is sufficiently available for everyone and feces are properly and safely disposed.
Ensuring universal access to water and sanitation, the major preventive action for preventing these diseases, is one of the united nations sustainable development goals for 2030. The high population density and the prevalence of pit latrines can facilitate contamination of the shallow groundwater sources leading to incidents of water borne diseases like abdominal disorders, typhoid fever, dysentery and urinary track infectious that are common in the town. Waterborne diseases have been a major health issue globally because of the burden it places on man. The use of contaminated drinking water and poor sanitary conditions result in increased vulnerability to water borne diseases, including diarrhoea which leads to deaths of more than. Waterborne diseases remain as leading causes of human morbidity and mortality worldwide. Waterborne diseases fact sheet a fact sheet providing more details about waterborne diseases can be downloaded by clicking on the file on the right. An analysis of well water quality and the incidence of water borne diseases in emohua communities, rivers state, nigeria vincent ezikornwor weli and vincent anaboro ogbonna, department of geography and environmental management, faculty of social sciences, university of port harcourt, p. Lagos, nigeria pana water borne diseases continue to afflict people in kinpena village, south of chawal district, in northern nigerias kaduna state. Nigerias water bill could criminalize drinking water for. In the light of the above, the study recommended that prioritization of potable water, early tracking of waterborne diseases, efficient socioeconomic programmes and relevant environmental education are necessary are imperative in curtailing the menace of waterborne diseases not only in the study area, but nigeria as a whole. The waterborne disease and outbreak surveillance system wbdoss is the primary source of data concerning the scope and health effects of waterborne disease outbreaks in the united states. Cases of water related diseases in nigeria from 2002 2008.
In order to reduce the outbreak of these waterborne diseases, clean water is a prerequisite. These infectious diseases represent risks to us government personnel traveling to the specified country for a. Infectious waterborne diseases, which discusses 36 infectious diseases of man that can be or are strongly suspected of being transmitted by water. Solutions to the urban transmission of waterborne diseases include improved water access, quality, and sanitation, and the promotion of personal hygiene practice. Agents, diseases and types of exposures are well documented, but the relationship between them is. Drinking water quality and occurrence of waterborne diseases in. Included here is a selection of graphics that cover a range of topics with links to relevant stories and updates. Air borne and water borne diseases share this page an airborne disease is caused by droplets of pathogens which are expelled into the air by coughing, sneezing or talking. Waterborne diseases are conditions caused by pathogenic microorganisms that are transmitted in water. Of the 36 diseases, 12 are caused by bacteria, 4 are caused by viruses, 19 are caused by parasites, and 1 has numerous infectious agents. We define waterborne and waterassociated vectorborne diseases and. Worldwide, the proportion of people with access to safe drinkingwater and basic sanitation rose from 78% in 1990 to 83% in 2004.
As nigerians continued to struggle for portable drinking water, expert has said that no fewer than 1 billion people in the developing world, including nigeria have no access to portable water and. These organisms are passed in the feces of animals and infected people. The essence of this study is to ensure the trend of water related cases in nigeria and highlighting areas in need of urgent intervention. The most common waterborne diseases are diarrhea, dysentery, typhoid, and cholera. Pdf association of waterborne diseases morbidity pattern and. Occurrence of diarrhoea and other waterborne diseases in cities of developing countries has been on the increase over the decades largely due to unsafe water, inadequate sanitation and poor hygiene among human population. Articles from emerging infectious diseases are provided here courtesy of centers for disease control and prevention formats. Symptoms of food or water borne illness are gastrointestinal, for example diarrhea and stomach cramps. Getting clean water in some parts of zimbabwe is a luxury. Prevalence of water borne diseases within households in the. Water borne diseases are leading causes of morbidity and mortality in all age groups.
Nigeria is one of the countries suffering from the crippling burden of water related diseases. Pdf assesment of the water quality and prevalence of. Drancunculiasis guinea worm disease is primarily transmitted by fecal oral. The country was once tipped as one of the most prosperous in africa with a rich economy, but the government is. Food and water borne illness, often referred to as food poisoning, is generally caused by eating or drinking food or beverages contaminated by bacteria, parasites or viruses. Outbreaks of waterborne diseases often occur after a severe precipitation event rainfall, snowfall. In nigeria, quantity and quality of water are two main problems. Association of waterborne diseases morbidity pattern and water quality in parts of ibadan city, nigeria. The unavailability of pipeborne water and the dependence of rural dwellers on surface waters which are often contaminated with. In this research study, the profile of water related diseases in. Open defecation occurs in 771 lgas of nigeria unicef. The high prevalence of cases of water borne diseases in most cities in nigeria is alarming.
Waterborne diseases plague zimbabwe africa watersector. I classification of waterrelated disease r stanwellsmith encyclopedia of life support systems eolss or on food poisoning. With proper sanitation practically nonexistent across lagos and most residents drinking water from untreated and unreliable sources, the citys water problems have had a dire impact on public health. Waterborne diseases are the ones caused by pathogenic microbes spread via contaminated water. Waterborne diseases are caused by a variety of microorganisms, biotoxins, and toxic contaminants, which lead to devastating illnesses such as cholera, schistosomiasis and other gastrointestinal problems. Air borne and water borne diseases list of high impact. Absence of proper wash services has also been linked to malnutrition and poor education attainment among young children, and losses in economic and environmental resources. The annexes contain background technical information, sample forms for data collection and analysis, questionnaires and other tools that may be. They gave diverse responses as to the different types of waterborne diseases. If continued political and financial commitment is made, these interventions might result in a high return on investment. Water borne diseases, prevention and guidelines for safewater borne diseases and their preventionjoozer rangwalas blog on waterborne disease caused by drinking water or eating food washed in water which is polluted and may.
This study examined the relationship between the spatial pattern of waterborne diseases visa vis water quality in parts of ibadan city in nigeria. Manual on environmental management for mosquito control with special emphasis on malaria vectors world health organization geneva. Natural and man made drinking water sources in okigwe, orlu and owerri zones of imo state, nigeria were analyzed for physiochemical quality and. Waterborne diseases an overview sciencedirect topics. Water borne diseases and their prevention pharmacies and. Pdf occurrence of diarrhoea and other waterborne diseases in cities of developing countries has been on the. An assessment of water related diseases in a nigerian community.
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